Aminoacetonitrile compounds for controlling endoparasites

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to aminoacetonitrile compounds of the formula 
                         
wherein m is 1, 2 or 3;
         R 1  is C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy or halogen, whereby the substituents may respectively be identical or different, if m is greater than 1; and   R 2  is C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl; and optionally enantiomers thereof; and the use of aminoacetonitrile compounds of formula I in the control of endoparasites, especially helminths, in warm-blooded productive livestock and domestic animals.

This application is a National Phase Application under §371 of International Application Number EP02/06589 filed on Jun. 14, 2002.

The present invention relates to the use of known aminoacetonitrile compounds in the control of endoparasites, especially helminths, in warm-blooded productive livestock and domestic animals.

Attempts have been made to control helminths, in which the endoparasitic nematodes may be the cause of serious diseases of mammals and poultry, by using a few minor classes of active ingredients, for example milbemycins. However, the active ingredients disclosed up until now in literature cannot always fulfil the requirements regarding potency and activity spectrum. There is therefore a need for active ingredients with improved pesticidal properties. It has now been found that the aminoacetonitrile compounds described here possess outstanding properties against endoparasites.

Aminoacetonitrile compounds with pesticidal, especially insecticidal, activity for the protection of plants are described for example in EP 0 953 565 A2. It has surprisingly been shown that the following selection of compounds of formula I also have exceptionally good activity against endoparasites of warm-blooded animals and are tolerated extremely well by the host animal.

The compounds correspond to the general formula

wherein m is 1, 2 or 3; R₁ is C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy or halogen, whereby the substituents may respectively be identical or different, if m is greater than 1; and R₂ is C₁-C₄-haloalkyl; and optional enantiomers thereof.

Alkyl—as a group per se and as structural element of other groups and compounds such as halogen-alkyl and alkoxy, —is, in each case with due consideration of the specific number of carbon atoms in the group or compound in question, either straight-chained, i.e. methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl, or branched, e.g. isopropyl, isobutyl, sec.-butyl or tert.-butyl.

As a rule, halogen signifies fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. The same applies to halogen in combination with other significances, such as halogenalkyl or halogenalkoxy. Preference is given to fluorine or chlorine, especially fluorine.

Halogen-substituted carbon-containing groups and compounds may be partially halogenated or perhalogenated, whereby in the case of multiple halogenation, the halogen substituents may be identical or different. Examples of haloalkyl—as a group per se and as structural element of other groups and compounds such as haloalkoxy—are methyl which is mono- to trisubstituted by fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine, such as CHF₂ or CF₃; ethyl which is mono- to pentasubstituted by fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine, such as CH₂CF₃, CF₂CF₃, CF₂CCl₃, CF₂CHCl₂, CF₂CHF₂, CF₂CFCl₂, CF₂CHBr₂, CF₂CHClF, CF₂CHBrF or CClFCHClF; propyl or isopropyl, mono- to heptasubstituted by fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine, such as CH₂CHBrCH₂Br, CF₂CHFCF₃, CH₂CF₂CF₃ or CH(CF₃)₂; butyl or one of its isomers, mono- to nonasubstituted by fluorine, chlorine and/or bromine, such as CF(CF₃)CHFCF₃ or CH₂(CF₂)₂CF₃.

Alkoxy groups preferably have a chain length of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Alkoxy is for example methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec.-butoxy and tert.-butoxy, preferably methoxy and ethoxy. Halogenalkoxy groups preferably have a chain length of 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Halogenalkoxy is e.g. fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy and 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy; preferably difluoromethoxy and trifluoromethoxy.

Preferred embodiments within the scope of the invention are:

(1) A compound of formula I, wherein

m is 1 or 2,

preferably 2;

(2) A compound of formula I, wherein

R₁ is C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl or halogen;

preferably C₁-C₂-alkyl, C₁-C₂-haloalkyl or halogen;

most preferably methyl, C₁-haloalkyl, chlorine or fluorine,

whereby the substituents may be respectively identical or different, if m is greater than 1;

(3) A compound of formula I, wherein

R₂ is C₁-C₂-haloalkyl;

preferably C₁-haloalkyl,

most preferably trifluoromethyl;

(4) A compound of formula I, wherein

m is 1 or 2,

R₁ is C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl or halogen, whereby the substituents may respectively be identical or different, if m is greater than 1; and

R₂ is C₁-C₂-haloalkyl;

(5) A compound of formula I, wherein

m is 2;

R₁ is C₁-C₂-alkyl, C₁-C₂-haloalkyl or halogen, whereby the substituents may respectively be identical or different, and

R₂ is C₁-haloalkyl;

(6) A compound of formula I, wherein

m is 2;

R₁ is methyl, halomethyl, chlorine or fluorine, whereby the substituents may be respectively identical or different; and

R₂ is trifluoromethyl.

The compounds of formula I named in the following Table 1 are preferred in particular.

The compounds I may be present in the form of one of the possible isomers or as a mixture thereof, e.g. depending on the number, absolute and relative configurations of the asymmetric carbon atoms as pure isomers, such as antipodes and/or diastereoisomers, or as isomeric mixtures, such as enantiomeric mixtures, e.g. racemates, diastereoisomeric mixtures or racemic mixtures; the invention relates to both the pure isomers and all the possible isomeric mixtures, and is to be understood as such hereinbefore and hereinafter, even if stereochemical details are not specifically mentioned in each case.

Synthesis of the compounds is described for example in EP 0 953 565 A2.

TABLE 1

No. m R₁ R₂ phys. data 1.1 1 2-CH₃ CF₃ 1.2 1 2-CH₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.3 1 2-CH₃ CHFCF₃ 1.4 1 2-CH₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.5 1 2-CH₃ C₂F₅ 1.6 1 3-CH₃ CF₃ 1.7 1 3-CH₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.8 1 3-CH₃ CHFCF₃ 1.9 1 3-CH₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.10 1 3-CH₃ C₂F₅ 1.11 1 4-CH₃ CF₃ 1.12 1 4-CH₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.13 1 4-CH₃ CHFCF₃ 1.14 1 4-CH₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.15 1 4-CH₃ C₂F₅ 1.16 1 2-i-C₃H₇ CF₃ m.p: 105-7° 1.17 1 2-OCH₃ CF₃ 1.18 1 2-OCH₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.19 1 2-OCH₃ CHFCF₃ 1.20 1 2-OCH₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.21 1 2-OCH₃ C₂F₅ 1.22 1 2-OC₂H₅ CF₃ oil 1.23 1 2-O-i-C₃H₇ CF₃ oil 1.24 1 3-OCH₃ CF₃ 1.25 1 3-OCH₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.26 1 3-OCH₃ CHFCF₃ 1.27 1 3-OCH₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.28 1 3-OCH₃ C₂F₅ 1.29 1 4-OCH₃ CF₃ 1.30 1 4-OCH₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.31 1 4-OCH₃ CHFCF₃ 1.32 1 4-OCH₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.33 1 4-OCH₃ C₂F₅ 1.34 1 2-Cl CF₃ m.p: 142-3° 1.35 1 2-Cl CH₂CF₃ 1.36 1 2-Cl CHFCF₃ 1.37 1 2-Cl CF₂CHF₂ 1.38 1 2-Cl C₂F₅ 1.39 1 3-Cl CF₃ 1.40 1 3-Cl CH₂CF₃ 1.41 1 3-Cl CHFCF₃ 1.42 1 3-Cl CF₂CHF₂ 1.43 1 3-Cl C₂F₅ 1.44 1 4-Cl CF₃ 1.45 1 4-Cl CH₂CF₃ 1.46 1 4-Cl CHFCF₃ 1.47 1 4-Cl CF₂CHF₂ 1.48 1 4-Cl C₂F₅ 1.49 1 2-F CF₃ 1.50 1 2-F CH₂CF₃ 1.51 1 2-F CHFCF₃ 1.52 1 2-F CF₂CHF₂ 1.53 1 2-F C₂F₅ 1.54 1 3-F CF₃ 1.55 1 3-F CH₂CF₃ 1.56 1 3-F CHFCF₃ 1.57 1 3-F CF₂CHF₂ 1.58 1 3-F C₂F₅ 1.59 1 4-F CF₃ 1.60 1 4-F CH₂CF₃ 1.61 1 4-F CHFCF₃ 1.62 1 4-F CF₂CHF₂ 1.63 1 4-F C₂F₅ 1.64 1 2-CF₃ CF₃ m.p: 152° 1.65 1 2-CF₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.66 1 2-CF₃ CHFCF₃ 1.67 1 2-CF₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.68 1 2-CF₃ C₂F₅ 1.69 1 3-CF₃ CF₃ 1.70 1 3-CF₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.71 1 3-CF₃ CHFCF₃ 1.72 1 3-CF₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.73 1 3-CF₃ C₂F₅ 1.74 1 4-CF₃ CF₃ 1.75 1 4-CF₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.76 1 4-CF₃ CHFCF₃ 1.77 1 4-CF₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.78 1 4-CF₃ C₂F₅ 1.79 1 2-OCF₃ CF₃ m.p: 120° 1.80 1 2-OCF₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.81 1 2-OCF₃ CHFCF₃ 1.82 1 2-OCF₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.83 1 2-OCF₃ C₂F₅ 1.84 1 3-OCF₃ CF₃ 1.85 1 3-OCF₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.86 1 3-OCF₃ CHFCF₃ 1.87 1 3-OCF₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.88 1 3-OCF₃ C₂F₅ 1.89 1 4-OCF₃ CF₃ 1.90 1 4-OCF₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.91 1 4-OCF₃ CHFCF₃ 1.92 1 4-OCF₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.93 1 4-OCF₃ C₂F₅ 1.94 2 2-Cl, 3-CH₃ CF₃ 1.95 2 2-Cl, 3-CH₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.96 2 2-Cl, 3-CH₃ CHFCF₃ 1.97 2 2-Cl, 3-CH₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.98 2 2-Cl, 3-CH₃ C₂F₅ 1.99 2 2-Cl, 4-CH₃ CF₃ 1.100 2 2-Cl, 4-CH₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.101 2 2-Cl, 4-CH₃ CHFCF₃ 1.102 2 2-Cl, 4-CH₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.103 2 2-Cl, 4-CH₃ C₂F₅ 1.104 2 2-Cl, 5-CH₃ CF₃ m.p: 97-9° 1.105 2 2-Cl, 5-CH₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.106 2 2-Cl, 5-CH₃ CHFCF₃ 1.107 2 2-Cl, 5-CH₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.108 2 2-Cl, 5-CH₃ C₂F₅ 1.109 2 2-Cl, 6-CH₃ CF₃ 1.110 2 2-Cl, 6-CH₃ CH₂CF₃ 1.111 2 2-Cl, 6-CH₃ CHFCF₃ 1.112 2 2-Cl, 6-CH₃ CF₂CHF₂ 1.113 2 2-Cl, 6-CH₃ C₂F₅ 1.114 2 2,3-Cl₂ CF₃ 1.115 2 2,3-Cl₂ CH₂CF₃ 1.116 2 2,3-Cl₂ CHFCF₃ 1.117 2 2,3-Cl₂ CF₂CHF₂ 1.118 2 2,3-Cl₂ C₂F₅ 1.119 2 2,4-Cl₂ CF₃ 1.120 2 2,4-Cl₂ CH₂CF₃ 1.121 2 2,4-Cl₂ CHFCF₃ 1.122 2 2,4-Cl₂ CF₂CHF₂ 1.123 2 2,4-Cl₂ C₂F₅ 1.124 2 2,5-Cl₂ CF₃ m.p: 128-30° 1.125 2 2,5-Cl₂ CH₂CF₃ 1.126 2 2,5-Cl₂ CHFCF₃ 1.127 2 2,5-Cl₂ CF₂CHF₂ 1.128 2 2,5-Cl₂ C₂F₅ 1.129 2 2,6-Cl₂ CF₃ 1.130 2 2,6-Cl₂ CH₂CF₃ 1.131 2 2,6-Cl₂ CHFCF₃ 1.132 2 2,6-Cl₂ CF₂CHF₂ 1.133 2 2,6-Cl₂ C₂F₅ 1.134 2 2,3-F₂ CF₃ 1.135 2 2,3-F₂ CH₂CF₃ 1.136 2 2,3-F₂ CHFCF₃ 1.137 2 2,3-F₂ CF₂CHF₂ 1.138 2 2,3-F₂ C₂F₅ 1.139 2 2,4-F₂ CF₃ 1.140 2 2,4-F₂ CH₂CF₃ 1.141 2 2,4-F₂ CHFCF₃ 1.142 2 2,4-F₂ CF₂CHF₂ 1.143 2 2,4-F₂ C₂F₅ 1.144 2 2,5-F₂ CF₃ 1.145 2 2,5-F₂ CH₂CF₃ 1.146 2 2,5-F₂ CHFCF₃ 1.147 2 2,5-F₂ CF₂CHF₂ 1.148 2 2,5-F₂ C₂F₅ 1.149 2 2,6-F₂ CF₃ 1.150 2 2,6-F₂ CH₂CF₃ 1.151 2 2,6-F₂ CHFCF₃ 1.152 2 2,6-F₂ CF₂CHF₂ 1.153 2 2,6-F₂ C₂F₅ 1.154 2 2-CF₃, 4-F CF₃ 1.155 2 2-CF₃, 4-F CH₂CF₃ 1.156 2 2-CF₃, 4-F CHFCF₃ 1.157 2 2-CF₃, 4-F CF₂CHF₂ 1.158 2 2-CF₃, 4-F C₂F₅ 1.159 2 2-CF₃, 5-F CF₃ 1.160 2 2-CF₃, 5-F CH₂CF₃ 1.161 2 2-CF₃, 5-F CHFCF₃ 1.162 2 2-CF₃, 5-F CF₂CHF₂ 1.163 2 2-CF₃, 5-F C₂F₅ 1.164 2 2-CF₃, 6-F CF₃ 1.165 2 2-CF₃, 6-F CH₂CF₃ 1.166 2 2-CF₃, 6-F CHFCF₃ 1.167 2 2-CF₃, 6-F CF₂CHF₂ 1.168 2 2-CF₃, 6-F C₂F₅ 1.169 2 2-t-C₄H₉, 5-CH₃ CF₃ m.p: 126-8° 1.170 3 2,4,5-F₃ CF₃ m.p: 128° 1.171 3 2-Cl, 3,5-F₂ CF₃ m.p: 133°

The compounds I according to the invention are notable for their broad activity spectrum and are valuable active ingredients in the field of pest control, including in particular the control of endoparasites, particularly helminths, on animals, whilst being well-tolerated by warm-blooded animals, fish and plants. These include the endoparasitic nematodes which may be the cause of serious diseases of mammals and poultry, e.g. sheep, pigs, goats, cattle, horses, donkeys, dogs, cats, guinea-pigs and exotic birds. Typical nematodes of this indication are: Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia, Nematodirus, Cooperia, Ascaris, Bunostonum, Oesophagostonum, Charbertia, Trichuris, Strongylus, Trichonema, Dictyocaulus, Capillaria, Heterakis, Toxocara, Ascaridia, Oxyuris, Ancylostoma, Uncinaria, Toxascaris and Parascaris. The particular advantage of the compounds of formula I is their efficacy against those parasites that are resistant towards active ingredients based on benzimidazole.

Certain pests of the species Nematodirus, Cooperia and Oesophagostonum infest the intestinal tract of the host animal, while others of the species Haemonchus and Ostertagia are parasitic in the stomach and those of the species Dictyocaulus are parasitic in the lung tissue. Parasites of the families Filariidae and Setariidae may be found in the internal cell tissue and in the organs, e.g. the heart, the blood vessels, the lymph vessels and the subcutaneous tissue. A particularly notable parasite is the heartworm of the dog, Dirofilaria immitis. The compounds of formula I are highly effective against these parasites.

Furthermore, the compounds of formula I are suitable for the control of human pathogenic parasites. Of these, typical representatives that appear in the digestive tract are those of the species Ancylostoma, Necator, Ascaris, Strongyloides, Trichinella, Capillaria, Trichuris and Enterobius. The compounds of the present invention are also effective against parasites of the species Wuchereda, Brugia, Onchocerca and Loa from the family of Filariidae, which appear in the blood, in the tissue and in various organs, and also against Dracunculus and parasites of the species Strongyloides and Trichinella, which infect the gastrointestinal tract in particular.

The good pesticidal activity of the compounds of formula I according to the invention corresponds to a mortality rate of at least 50-60% of the pests mentioned. In particular, the compounds of formula I are notable for the exceptionally long duration of efficacy.

The compounds of formula I are preferably employed in unmodified form or preferably together with the adjuvants conventionally used in the art of formulation and may therefore be processed in a known manner to give, for example, emulsifiable concentrates, directly dilutable solutions, dilute emulsions, soluble powders, granules or microencapsulations in polymeric substances. As with the compositions, the methods of application are selected in accordance with the intended objectives and the prevailing circumstances.

The formulation, i.e. the agents, preparations or compositions containing the active ingredient of formula I, or combinations of these active ingredients with other active ingredients, and optionally a solid or liquid adjuvant, are produced in a manner known per se, for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredients with spreading compositions, for example with solvents, solid carriers, and optionally surface-active compounds (surfactants).

The solvents in question may be: alcohols, such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, and glycols and their ethers and esters, such as propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol ether, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl or -ethyl ether, ketones, such as cyclohexanone, isophorone or diacetanol alcohol, strong polar solvents, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylformamide, or water, vegetable oils, such as rape, castor, coconut, or soybean oil, and also, if appropriate, silicone oils.

Preferred application forms for usage on warm-blooded animals in the control of helminths include solutions, emulsions, suspensions (drenches), food additives, powders, tablets including effervescent tablets, boli, capsules, micro-capsules and pour-on formulations, whereby the physiological compatibility of the formulation excipients must be taken into consideration.

The binders for tablets and boli may be chemically modified polymeric natural substances that are soluble in water or in alcohol, such as starch, cellulose or protein derivatives (e.g. methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, proteins such as zein, gelatin and the like), as well as synthetic polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone etc. The tablets also contain fillers (e.g. starch, microcrystalline cellulose, sugar, lactose etc.), glidants and disintegrants.

If the anthelminthics are present in the form of feed concentrates, then the carriers used are e.g. performance feeds, feed grain or protein concentrates. Such feed concentrates or compositions may contain, apart from the active ingredients, also additives, vitamins, antibiotics, chemotherapeutics or other pesticides, primarily bacteriostats, fungistats, coccidiostats, or even hormone preparations, substances having anabolic action or substances which promote growth, which affect the quality of meat of animals for slaughter or which are beneficial to the organism in another way. If the compositions or the active ingredients of formula I contained therein are added directly to feed or to the drinking troughs, then the formulated feed or drink contains the active ingredients preferably in a concentration of ca. 0.0005 to 0.02% by weight (5-200 ppm).

The compounds of formula I according to the invention may be used alone or in combination with other biocides. They may be combined with pesticides having the same sphere of activity e.g. to increase activity, or with substances having another sphere of activity e.g. to broaden the range of activity. It can also be sensible to add so-called repellents. If the range of activity is to be extended to endoparasites, e.g. wormers, the compounds of formula I are suitably combined with substances having endoparasitic properties. Of course, they can also be used in combination with antibacterial compositions. Since the compounds of formula I are adulticides, i.e. since they are effective in particular against the adult stage of the target parasites, the addition of pesticides which instead attack the juvenile stages of the parasites may be very advantageous. In this way, the greatest part of those parasites that produce great economic damage will be covered. Moreover, this action will contribute substantially to avoiding the formation of resistance. Many combinations may also lead to synergistic effects, i.e. the total amount of active ingredient can be reduced, which is desirable from an ecological point of view. Preferred groups of combination partners and especially preferred combination partners are named in the following, whereby combinations may contain one or more of these partners in addition to a compound of formula I.

Suitable partners in the mixture may be biocides, e.g. the insecticides and acaricides with a varying mechanism of activity, which are named in the following and have been known to the person skilled in the art for a long time, e.g. chitin synthesis inhibitors, growth regulators; active ingredients which act as juvenile hormones; active ingredients which act as adulticides; broad-band insecticides, broad-band acaricides and nematicides; and also the well known anthelminthics and insect- and/or acarid-deterring substances, said repellents or detachers.

Non-limitative examples of suitable insecticides and acaricides are:

1. Abamectin 2. AC 303 630 3. Acephat 4. Acrinathrin 5. Alanycarb 6. Aldicarb 7. α-Cypermethrin 8. Alphamethrin 9. Amitraz 10. Avermectin B₁ 11. AZ 60541 12. Azinphos A 13. Azinphos M 14. Azinphos-methyl 15. Azocyclotin 16. Bacillus subtil. toxin 17. Bendiocarb 18. Benfuracarb 19. Bensultap 20. β-Cyfluthrin 21. Bifenthrin 22. BPMC 23. Brofenprox 24. Bromophos A 25. Bufencarb 26. Buprofezin 27. Butocarboxin 28. Butylpyridaben 29. Cadusafos 30. Carbaryl 31. Carbofuran 32. Carbophenthion 33. Cartap 34. Chloethocarb 35. Chlorethoxyfos 36. Chlorfenapyr 37. Chlorfluazuron 38. Chlormephos 39. Chlorpyrifos 40. Cis-Resmethrin 41. Clocythrin 42. Clofentezin 43. Cyanophos 44. Cycloprothrin 45. Cyfluthrin 46. Cyhexatin 47. D 2341 48. Deltamethrin 49. Demeton M 50. Demeton S 51. Demeton-S-methyl 52. Dibutylaminothio 53. Dichlofenthion 54. Dicliphos 55. Diethion 56. Diflubenzuron 57. Dimethoate 58. Dimethylvinphos 59. Dioxathion 60. DPX-MP062 61. Edifenphos 62. Emamectin 63. Endosulfan 64. Esfenvalerate 65. Ethiofencarb 66. Ethion 67. Ethofenprox 68. Ethoprophos 69. Etrimphos 70. Fenamiphos 71. Fenazaquin 72. Fenbutatinoxide 73. Fenitrothion 74. Fenobucarb 75. Fenothiocarb 76. Fenoxycarb 77. Fenpropathrin 78. Fenpyrad 79. Fenpyroximate 80. Fenthion 81. Fenvalerate 82. Fipronil 83. Fluazinam 84. Fluazuron 85. Flucycloxuron 86. Flucythrinat 87. Flufenoxuron 88. Flufenprox 89. Fonophos 90. Formothion 91. Fosthiazat 92. Fubfenprox 93. HCH 94. Heptenophos 95. Hexaflumuron 96. Hexythiazox 97. Hydroprene 98. Imidacloprid 99. insect-active fungi 100. insect-active nematodes 101. insect-active viruses 102. Iprobenfos 103. Isofenphos 104. Isoprocarb 105. Isoxathion 106. Ivermectin 107. λ-Cyhalothrin 108. Lufenuron 109. Malathion 110. Mecarbam 111. Mesulfenphos 112. Metaldehyd 113. Methamidophos 114. Methiocarb 115. Methomyl 116. Methoprene 117. Metolcarb 118. Mevinphos 119. Milbemectin 120. Moxidectin 121. Naled 122. NC 184 123. NI-25, Acetamiprid 124. Nitenpyram 125. Omethoat 126. Oxamyl 127. Oxydemethon M 128. Oxydeprofos 129. Parathion 130. Parathion-methyl 131. Permethrin 132. Phenthoate 133. Phorat 134. Phosalone 135. Phosmet 136. Phoxim 137. Pirimicarb 138. Pirimiphos A 139. Pirimiphos M 140. Promecarb 141. Propaphos 142. Propoxur 143. Prothiofos 144. Prothoat 145. Pyrachlophos 146. Pyradaphenthion 147. Pyresmethrin 148. Pyrethrum 149. Pyridaben 150. Pyrimidifen 151. Pyriproxyfen 152. RH 5992 153. RH-2485 154. Salithion 155. Sebufos 156. Silafluofen 157. Spinosad 158. Sulfotep 159. Sulprofos 160. Tebufenozide 161. Tebufenpyrad 162. Tebupirimphos 163. Teflubenzuron 164. Tefluthrin 165. Temephos 166. Terbam 167. Terbufos 168. Tetrachlorvinphos 169. Thiafenox 170. Thiodicarb 171. Thiofanox 172. Thionazin 173. Thuringiensin 174. Tralomethrin 175. Triarthen 176. Triazamate 177. Triazophos 178. Triazuron 179. Trichlorfon 180. Triflumuron 181. Trimethacarb 182. Vamidothion 183. XMC (3,5,-Xylyl- methylcarbamate) 184. Xylylcarb 185. YI 5301/5302 186. ζ-Cypermethrin 187. Zetamethrin

Non-limitative examples of suitable anthelminthics are named in the following, a few representatives have insecticidal and acaricidal activity in addition to the anthelminthic activity, and are partly already in the above list.

-   (A1)     Praziquantel=2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-4-oxo-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-α]isoquinoline -   (A2)     Closantel=3,5-diiodo-N-[5-chloro-2-methyl-4-(a-cyano-4-chlorobenzyl)phenyl]-salicylamide -   (A3)     Triclabendazole=5-chloro-6-(2,3-dichlorophenoxy)-2-methylthio-1H-benzimidazole -   (A4)     Levamisol=L-(−)-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo[2,1b]thiazole -   (A5) Mebendazole=(5-benzoyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbaminic acid     methylester -   (A6) Omphalotin=a macrocyclic fermentation product of the fungus     Omphalotus olearius described in WO 97/20857 -   (A7) Abamectin=avermectin B1 -   (A8) Ivermectin=22,23-dihydroavermectin B1 -   (A9)     Moxidectin=5-O-demethyl-28-deoxy-25-(1,3-dimethyl-1-butenyl)-6,28-epoxy-23-(methoxyimino)-milbemycin     B -   (A10)     Doramectin=25-cyclohexyl-5-O-demethyl-25-de(1-methylpropyl)-avermectin     A1a -   (A11) Milbemectin=mixture of milbemycin A3 and milbemycin A4 -   (A12) Milbemycinoxim=5-oxime of milbemectin

Non-limitative examples of suitable repellents and detachers are:

-   (R1) DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) -   (R2) KBR 3023 N-butyl-2-oxycarbonyl-(2-hydroxy)-piperidine -   (R3)     Cymiazole=N,-2,3-dihydro-3-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene-2,4-xylidene

The said partners in the mixture are best known to specialists in this field. Most are described in various editions of the Pesticide Manual, The British Crop Protection Council, London, and others in the various editions of The Merck Index, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA or in patent literature. Therefore, the following listing is restricted to a few places where they may be found by way of example.

-   (I) 2-Methyl-2-(methylthio)propionaldehyde-O-methylcarbamoyloxime     (Aldicarb), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 26; -   (II)     S-(3,4-dihydro-4-oxobenzo[d]-[1,2,3]-triazin-3-ylmethyl)O,O-dimethyl-phosphoro-dithioate     (Azinphos-methyl), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997),     The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 67; -   (III)     Ethyl-N-[2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yloxycarbonyl-(methyl)aminothio]-N-isopropyl-β-alaninate     (Benfuracarb), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 96; -   (IV) 2-Methylbiphenyl-3-ylmethyl-(Z)-(1     RS)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate     (Bifenthrin), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 118; -   (V) 2-tert-butylimino-3-isopropyl-5-phenyl-1,3,5-thiadiazian-4-one     (Buprofezin), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 157; -   (VI) 2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl-methylcarbamate     (Carbofuran), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 186; -   (VII)     2,3-Dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yl-(dibutylaminothio)methylcarbamate     (Carbosulfan), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 188; -   (VIII) S,S′-(2-dimethylaminotrimethylene)-bis(thiocarbamate)     (Cartap), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British     Crop Protection Council, London, page 193; -   (IX)     1-[3,5-Dichloro-4-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyloxy)phenyl]-3-(2,6-difluoro-benzoyl)-urea     (Chlorfluazuron), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 213; -   (X) O,O-diethyl-O-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl-phosphorothioate     (Chlorpyrifos), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 235; -   (XI)     (RS)-α-cyano-4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyl-(1RS,3RS;1RS,3RS)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-di-methylcyclopropanecarboxylate     (Cyfluthrin), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 293; -   (XII) Mixture of     (S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(Z)-(1R,3R)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate     and     (R)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(Z)-(1R,3R)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate     (Lambda-Cyhalothrin), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997),     The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 300; -   (XIII) Racemate consisting of     (S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(Z)-(1R,3R)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate     and     (R)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(1S,3S)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate     (Alpha-cypermethrin), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997),     The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 308; -   (XIV) a mixture of the stereoisomers of (S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl     (1RS,3RS,1RS,3RS)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate     (zeta-Cypermethrin), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997),     The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 314; -   (XV)     (S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(1R,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate     (Deltamethrin), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 344; -   (XVI) (4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea (Diflubenzuron),     from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop     Protection Council, London, page 395; -   (XVII)     (1,4,5,6,7,7-Hexachloro-8,9,10-trinorbom-5-en-2,3-ylenebismethylene)-sulphite     (Endosulfan), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 459; -   (XVIII) α-ethylthio-o-tolyl-methylcarbamate (Ethiofencarb), from The     Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop Protection     Council, London, page 479; -   (XIX) O,O-dimethyl-O-4-nitro-m-tolyl-phosphorothioate     (Fenitrothion), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 514; -   (XX) 2-sec-butylphenyl-methylcarbamate (Fenobucarb), from The     Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop Protection     Council, London, page 516; -   (XXI)     (RS)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(RS)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate     (Fenvalerate), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 539; -   (XXII)     S-[formyl(methyl)carbamoylmethyl]-O,O-dimethyl-phosphorodithioate     (Formothion), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 625; -   (XXIII) 4-Methylthio-3,5-xylyl-methylcarbamate (Methiocarb), from     The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop     Protection Council, London, page 813; -   (XXIV) 7-Chlorobicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-2,6-dien-6-yl-dimethylphosphate     (Heptenophos), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 670; -   (XXV) 1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylidenamine     (Imidacloprid), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 706; -   (XXVI) 2-isopropylphenyl-methylcarbamate (Isoprocarb), from The     Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop Protection     Council, London, page 729; -   (XXVII) O,S-dimethyl-phosphoramidothioate (Methamidophos), from The     Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop Protection     Council, London, page 808; -   (XXVIII) S-Methyl-N-(methylcarbamoyloxy)thioacetimidate (Methomyl),     from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop     Protection Council, London, page 815; -   (XXIX) Methyl-3-(dimethoxyphosphinoyloxy)but-2-enoate (Mevinphos),     from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop     Protection Council, London, page 844; -   (XXX) O,O-diethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl-phosphorothioate (Parathion), from     The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop     Protection Council, London, page 926; -   (XXXI) O,O-dimethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl-phosphorothioate     (Parathion-methyl), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997),     The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 928; -   (XXXII)     S-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1,3-benzoxazol-3-ylmethyl-O,O-diethyl-phosphor-dithioate     (Phosalone), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 963; -   (XXXIII)     2-Dimethylamino-5,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yl-dimethylcarbamate     (Pirimicarb), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 985; -   (XXXIV) 2-isopropoxyphenyl-methylcarbamate (Propoxur), from The     Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop Protection     Council, London, page 1036; -   (XXXV)     1-(3,5-dichloro-2,4-difluorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl)urea     (Teflubenzuron), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 1158; -   (XXXVI) S-tert-butylthiomethyl-O,O-dimethyl-phosphorodithioate     (Terbufos), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 1165; -   (XXXVII)     ethyl-(3-tert.-butyl-1-dimethylcarbamoyl-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl-thio)-acetate,     (Triazamate), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 1224; -   (XXXVIII) Abamectin, from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997),     The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 3; -   (XXXIX) 2-sec-butylphenyl-methylcarbamate (Fenobucarb), from The     Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop Protection     Council, London, page 516; -   (XL) N-tert.-butyl-N′-(4-ethylbenzoyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzohydrazide     (Tebufenozide), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 1147; -   (XLI)     (±)-5-amino-1-(2,6-dichloro-α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl)-4-trifluoromethyl-sulphinylpyrazol-3-carbonitrile     (Fipronil), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 545; -   (XLII)     (RS)-α-cyano-4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyl(1RS,3RS,1RS,3RS)-3-(2,2-dichloro-vinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate     (beta-Cyfluthrin), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997),     The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 295; -   (XLIII)     (4-ethoxyphenyl)-[3-(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)propyl](dimethyl)silane     (Silafluofen), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 1105; -   (XLIV) tert.-butyl     (E)-α-(1,3-dimethyl-5-phenoxypyrazol-4-yl-methylenamino-oxy)-p-toluate     (Fenpyroximate), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 530; -   (XLV)     2-tert.-butyl-5-(4-tert.-butylbenzylthio)-4-chloropyridazin-3(2H)-one     (Pyridaben), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 1161; -   (XLVI) 4-[[4-(1,1-dimethylphenyl)phenyl]ethoxy]-quinazoline     (Fenazaquin), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 507; -   (XLVII) 4-phenoxyphenyl-(RS)-2-(pyridyloxy)propyl-ether     (Pyriproxyfen), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 1073; -   (XLVIII)     5-chloro-N-{2-[4-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3-dimethylphenoxy]ethyl}-6-ethylpyrimidine-4-amine     (Pyrimidifen), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 1070; -   (XLIX)     (E)-N-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-ethyl-N′-methyl-2-nitrovinylidenediamine     (Nitenpyram), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 880; -   (L)     (E)-N¹-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-N²-cyano-N¹-methylacetamidine     (NI-25, Acetamiprid), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997),     The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 9; -   (LI) Avermectin B₁, from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997),     The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 3; -   (LII) an insect-active extract from a plant, especially     (2R,6aS,12aS)-1,2,6,6a,12,12a-hexhydro-2-isopropenyl-8,9-dimethoxy-chromeno[3,4-b]furo[2,3-h]chromen-6-one     (Rotenone), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 1097; and an extract     from Azadirachta indica, especially azadirachtin, from The Pesticide     Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop Protection Council,     London, page 59; and -   (LIII) a preparation which contains insect-active nematodes,     preferably Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Heterorhabditis     megidis, from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British     Crop Protection Council, London, page 671; Steinemema feltiae, from     The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop     Protection Council, London, page 1115 and Steinemema scapterisci,     from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop     Protection Council, London, page 1116; -   (LIV) a preparation obtainable from Bacillus subtilis, from The     Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British Crop Protection     Council, London, page 72; or from a strain of Bacillus thuringiensis     with the exception of compounds isolated from GC91 or from     NCTC11821; The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British     Crop Protection Council, London, page 73; -   (LV) a preparation which contains insect-active fungi, preferably     Verticillium lecanii, from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997),     The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 1266; Beauveria     brogniartii, from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The     British Crop Protection Council, London, page 85 and Beauveria     bassiana, from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed. (1997), The British     Crop Protection Council, London, page 83; -   (LVI) a preparation which contains insect-active viruses, preferably     Neodipridon Sertifer NPV, from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed.     (1997), The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 1342;     Mamestra brassicae NPV, from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed.     (1997), The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 759 and     Cydia pomonella granulosis virus, from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th)     Ed. (1997), The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 291; -   (CLXXXI)     7-chloro-2,3,4a,5-tetrahydro-2-[methoxycarbonyl(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-carbamoyl]indol[1,2e]oxazoline-4a-carboxylate     (DPX-MP062, Indoxycarb), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed.     (1997), The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 453; -   (CLXXXII)     N′-tert.-butyl-N′-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-3-methoxy-2-methylbenzohydrazide     (RH-2485, Methoxyfenozide), from The Pesticide Manual, 11^(th) Ed.     (1997), The British Crop Protection Council, London, page 1094; and -   (CLXXXIII) (N′-[4-methoxy-biphenyl-3-yl]-hydrazinecarboxylic acid     isopropylester (D 2341), from Brighton Crop Protection Conference,     1996, 487-493; -   (R2) Book of Abstracts, 212th ACS National Meeting Orlando, Fla.,     Aug. 25-29 (1996), AGRO-020. Publisher: American Chemical Society,     Washington, D.C. CONEN: 63BFAF.

As a consequence of the above details, a further essential aspect of the present invention relates to combination preparations for the control of parasites on warm-blooded animals, characterised in that they contain, in addition to a compound of formula I, at least one further active ingredient having the same or different sphere of activity and at least one physiologically acceptable carrier. The present invention is not restricted to two-fold combinations.

As a rule, the anthelminthic compositions according to the invention contain 0.1 to 99% by weight, especially 0.1 to 95% by weight of active ingredient of formula I or mixtures thereof, 99.9 to 1% by weight, especially 99.8 to 5% by weight of a solid or liquid admixture, including 0 to 25% by weight, especially 0.1 to 25% by weight of a surfactant.

Application of the compositions according to the invention to the animals to be treated may take place topically, perorally, parenterally or subcutaneously, the composition being present in the form of solutions, emulsions, suspensions, (drenches), powders, tablets, boli, capsules and pour-on formulations.

The pour-on or spot-on method consists in applying the compound of formula I to a specific location of the skin or coat, advantageously to the neck or backbone of the animal. This takes place e.g. by applying a swab or spray of the pour-on or spot-on formulation to a relatively small area of the coat, from where the active substance is dispersed almost automatically over wide areas of the fur owing to the spreading nature of the components in the formulation and assisted by the animal's movements.

Pour-on or spot-on formulations suitably contain carriers, which promote rapid dispersement over the skin surface or in the coat of the host animal, and are generally regarded as spreading oils. Suitable carriers are e.g. oily solutions; alcoholic and isopropanolic solutions such as solutions of 2-octyldodecanol or oleyl alcohol; solutions in esters of monocarboxylic acids, such as isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, lauric acid oxalate, oleic acid oleyl ester, oleic acid decyl ester, hexyl laurate, oleyl oleate, decyl oleate, capric acid esters of saturated fat alcohols of chain length C₁₂-C₁₈; solutions of esters of dicarboxylic acids, such as dibutyl phthalate, diisopropyl isophthalate, adipic acid dilsopropyl ester, di-n-butyl adipate or also solutions of esters of aliphatic acids, e.g. glycols. It may be advantageous for a dispersing agent to be additionally present, such as one known from the pharmaceutical or cosmetic industry. Examples are 2-pyrrolidone, 2-(N-alkyl)pyrrolidone, acetone, polyethylene glycol and the ethers and esters thereof, propylene glycol or synthetic triglycerides.

The oily solutions include e.g. vegetable oils such as olive oil, groundnut oil, sesame oil, pine oil, linseed oil or castor oil. The vegetable oils may also be present in epoxidised form. Paraffins and silicone oils may also be used.

A pour-on or spot-on formulation generally contains 1 to 20% by weight of a compound of formula I, 0.1 to 50% by weight of dispersing agent and 45 to 98.9% by weight of solvent.

The pour-on or spot-on method is especially advantageous for use on herd animals such as cattle, horses, sheep or pigs, in which it is difficult or time-consuming to treat all the animals orally or by injection. Because of its simplicity, this method can of course also be used for all other animals, including individual domestic animals or pets, and is greatly favoured by the keepers of the animals, as it can often be carried out without the specialist presence of the veterinarian.

Whereas it is preferred to formulate commercial products as concentrates, the end user will normally use dilute formulations.

Such compositions may also contain further additives, such as stabilisers, anti-foaming agents, viscosity regulators, binding agents or tackifiers, as well as other active ingredients, in order to achieve special effects.

Anthelminthic compositions of this type, which are used by the end user, similarly form a constituent of the present invention.

In each of the processes according to the invention for pest control or in each of the pest control compositions according to the invention, the active ingredients of formula I can be used in all of their steric configurations or in mixtures thereof.

The invention also includes a method of prophylactically protecting warm-blooded animals, especially productive livestock, domestic animals and pets, against parasitic helminths, which is characterised in that the active ingredients of formula I or the active ingredient formulations prepared therefrom are administered to the animals as an additive to the feed, or to the drinks or also in solid or liquid form, orally or by injection or parenterally. The invention also includes the compounds of formula I according to the invention for usage in one of the said processes.

The following examples serve merely to illustrate the invention without restricting it, the term active ingredient representing a substance listed in tables 1 to 3.

In particular, preferred formulations are made up as follows:

(%=percent by weight)

FORMULATION EXAMPLES

1. Granulate a) b) active ingredient from Table 1  5% 10% kaolin 94% — highly dispersed silicic acid  1% — attapulgite — 90%

The active ingredient is dissolved in methylene chloride, sprayed onto the carrier and the solvent subsequently concentrated by evaporation under vacuum. Granulates of this kind can be mixed with the animal feed.

2. Granulate active ingredient from Table 1  3% polyethylene glycol (mw 200)  3% kaolin 94% (mw = molecular weight)

The finely ground active ingredient is evenly applied in a mixer to the kaolin which has been moistened with polyethylene glycol. In this way, dust-free coated granules are obtained.

3. Tablets or boli I active ingredient from Table 1 33.00% methylcellulose  0.80% silicic acid. highly dispersed  0.80% corn starch  8.40% II lactose, cryst. 22.50% corn starch 17.00% microcryst. cellulose 16.50% magnesium stearate  1.00%

I Methyl cellulose is stirred into water. After the material has swollen, silicic acid is stirred in and the mixture homogeneously suspended. The active ingredient and the corn starch are mixed. The aqueous suspension is worked into this mixture and kneaded to a dough. The resulting mass is granulated through a 12 M sieve and dried.

II All 4 excipients are mixed thoroughly.

III The preliminary mixes obtained according to I and II are mixed and pressed into tablets or boli.

4. Injectables A. Oily vehicle (slow release) 1. active ingredient from Table 1 0.1-1.0 g groundnut oil ad 100 ml 2. active ingredient from Table 1 0.1-1.0 g sesame oil ad 100 ml

Preparation: The active Ingredient is dissolved in part of the oil whilst stirring and, if required, with gentle heating, then after cooling made up to the desired volume and sterile-filtered through a suitable membrane filter with a pore size of 0.22 mm.

B Water-miscible solvent (average rate of release) active ingredient from tables 1 to 3 0.1-1.0 g 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane (glycerol formal) 40 g 1,2-propanediol ad 100 ml An active ingredient from table 1 0.1-1.0 g glycerol dimethyl ketal 40 g 1,2-propanediol ad 100 ml

Preparation: The active ingredient is dissolved in part of the solvent whilst stirring, made up to the desired volume and sterile-filtered through a suitable membrane filter with a pore size of 0.22 mm.

C. Aqueous solubilisate (rapid release) 1. active ingredient from Table 1 0.1-1.0 g polyethoxylated castor oil 10 g (40 ethylene oxide units) 1,2-propanediol 20 g benzyl alcohol 1 g Aqua ad inject. ad 100 ml 2. active ingredient from Table 1 0.1-1.0 g polyethoxylated sorbitan 8 g monooleate (20 ethylene oxide units) 4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane 20 g (glycerol formal) benzyl alcohol 1 g Aqua ad inject. ad 100 ml

Preparation: The active ingredient is dissolved in the solvents and the surfactant, and made up with water to the desired volume. Sterile filtration through an appropriate membrane filter of 0.22 mm pore size.

5. Pour on A. active ingredient from Table 1 5 g isopropyl myristate 10 g isopropanol ad 100 ml B active ingredient from Table 1 2 g hexyl laurate 5 g medium-chained triglyceride 15 g ethanol ad 100 ml C. active ingredient from Table 1 2 g oleyl oleate 5 g N-methylpyrrolidone 40 g isopropanol ad 100 ml

The aqueous systems may also preferably be used for oral and/or intraruminal application.

The compositions may also contain further additives, such as stabilisers, e.g. where appropriate epoxidised vegetable oils (epoxidised coconut oil, rapeseed oil, or soybean oil); antifoams, e.g. silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders, tackifiers, as well as fertilisers or other active ingredients to achieve special effects.

Further biologically active substances or additives, which are neutral towards the compounds of formula I and do not have a harmful effect on the host animal to be treated, as well as mineral salts or vitamins, may also be added to the described compositions.

BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES 1. In-vivo Test on Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Haemonchus contortus on Mongolian Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) using Peroral Application

Six to eight week old Mongolian gerbils are infected by artificial feeding with ca. 2000 third instar larvae each of T. colubriformis and H. contortus. 6 days after infection, the gerbils are lightly anaesthetised with N₂O and treated by peroral application with the test compounds, dissolved in a mixture of 2 parts DMSO and 1 part polyethylene glycol (PEG 300), in quantities of 100, 32 and 10-0.1 mg/kg. On day 9 (3 days after treatment), when most of the H. contortus that are still present are late 4th instar larvae and most of the T. colubrifornis are immature adults, the gerbils are killed in order to count the worms. The efficacy is calculated as the % reduction of the number of worms in each gerbil, compared with the geometric average of number of worms from 8 infected and untreated gerbils.

In this test, a vast reduction in nematode infestation is achieved with compounds of formula I. In particular, compounds 1.31 and 1.61 show a 100% reduction at 32 mg/kg active ingredient and at least a 97% reduction at 10 mg/kg active ingredient. 

1. A method of controlling helminth endoparasitic pests in warm-blooded productive livestock and domestic animals, the method comprising: providing to said livestock or said domestic animal in need of control of endoparasitic pests, a compound of formula

wherein m is 1,2, or 3; R₁ is C₁-C₄-alkyl, C₁-C₄-alkoxy, C₁-C₄-haloalkyl, C₁-C₄-haloalkoxy, or halogen, whereby the substituents may respectively be identical or different, if m is greater than 1; and R₂ is C₁-C₄-haloalkyl; or an enantiomer thereof.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereby a pesticidally active amount of at least one compound of formula I according to claim 1 is administered perorally or parenterally. 